Effects Of Alcohol On Social Behavior - 1693 Words

The presence of alcoholic beverages seems ubiquitous today, and it has been that way for thousands of years. Nowadays, it can be found at sporting events, social gatherings, with meals, and in many other environments. Alcohol is a psychoactive drug (it alters mood and potentially consciousness) and is specifically classified as a depressant. Depressant drugs slow down the nervous system and physiological functioning while promoting a relaxing, drowsy feeling. In the case of alcohol, these aforementioned effects typically arise when heavy doses of the drug are consumed. In low to moderate doses, however, the opposite happens. The alcohol has a mood-elevating effect, along with many other physical and social symptoms that are associated with it. This essay will discuss some of the effects that alcohol has on social behavior. First, the mechanism of action alcohol has on the brain will be explained, followed by paragraphs that discuss how moderate amounts of alcohol influence social beh avior, sexual behavior, and driving ability. The fundamental basis for how alcohol effects the body starts at the neuronal level. A neuron is another name for nerve cell. The human brain contains trillions of these nerve cells, which transmit information to and from each other, and subsequently to the rest of the body. Neurons have dendrites, which contain receptors that receive chemical messages from other nerve cells. These receptors are influenced by chemicals called neurotransmitters, whichShow MoreRelated Alcohol and its Effects on Social Behavior Essay examples1093 Words   |  5 PagesAlcohol and its Effects on Social Behavior The characters in Ernest Hemingway’s novel, The Garden of Eden, exhibit an interesting social behavior throughout the story in their frequent consumption of various types of alcoholic beverages. The character David Bourne especially seems to have one or two drinks often before ordering food when out at the French cafà © near their hotel, regardless of the present time of day. The behavior of these characters, by modern society’s standards, places themRead MoreEffects Of On Campus Housing On College Students Drinking Behavior1565 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of on-campus housing on college students’ drinking behavior: A Literature Review Educational scholars have widely researched the effects of on-campus housing on the behavior of college students and one of the behavioral effects is on drinking behavior. Researchers from both the United States and New Zealand have found that students living in residential halls on campus demonstrate the greatest rates for drinking and peer pressure for drinking (Rickwood, et al., 2011.). Leontini, et al.Read MoreAlcoholism Essay746 Words   |  3 PagesSection 3 The first article I studied was a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of brief alcohol interventions on drinking and driving among youth. This study evaluated whether brief alcohol interventions (BAIs) were effective in reducing the number of adolescents that drive after drinking. â€Å"Brief interventions refer to a broad family of interventions that can vary in length, structure, delivery personnel, underpinning theory, and philosophy† (Steinka-Fry, et al., 2015, para. 9).Read MoreAlcohol And Drugs And Their Effects On First Year Students1544 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol and Drugs and their Effects on First-Year Students Alcohol has been a part of human society for millennia. It can be found in churches, gas stations, supermarkets, and nearly everywhere else. Drugs are becoming more ubiquitous as well, with the legalization of cannabis now active in some form in 25 states (Maciag â€Å"State†). However, no single place is more saturated with alcohol and drugs than the college campus. Despite the troves of research that have been done to give evidence that theyRead MoreEffects of Alcoholism on the Human Health and Social Life837 Words   |  3 PagesTitle Effects of alcoholism on the human health and social life General purpose/objective The speech is aimed at highlighting the negative effects that excessive intake of alcohol and habitual alcoholism can have on the social aspects of a person and the health repercussions of the aforementioned behavior. The content of the speech is largely informative and in very small part persuasive for people to reconsider their drinking habits. Specific purpose The specific objective of the speech isRead MoreThe Effects of Alcohol Consumption on College Students1227 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ The Effects of Alcohol Consumption on College Students On a weekly basis, college students consume more alcohol to fit in with their peers. Prior research has shown how alcohol consumption can lead to negative effects. Typically, college students ignore the negative effects of consuming alcohol, in order to have a good time. College students are the point in their life where they are searching for new and exciting ways to fit inRead MoreSocial Learning Theory 1741 Words   |  7 Pagesthat social learning theory is an expanded theory of differential association processes and improves it with differential reinforcement and other principles of the behavior theory. They added classical conditioning (the sharpening of involuntary reflex behavior); discriminative stimuli (internal stimuli that lead to signals for behavior); schedules of reinforcement (rewards and punishment ratio following behavioral feedback); and other theories of behavior (Akers Sellers, 2013). Akers’ social learningRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered1117 Words   |  5 PagesDebates related to the legal age of alcohol consumption have been going on for many years. While some feel that 21 should remain as the legal minimum consumption age, others disagree. By examining different aspects of alcohol consumption such as social motives and health related concerns one is more able to fully grasp the role that alcohol plays in our society. Through research and analyzation one can come to the conclusion that a lowered legal drinking age is not the answer. The legal drinkingRead MoreEssay on Alcohol vs Marijuana1537 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol vs Marijuana There is no culture in the history of mankind that did not ever use some kind (kinds) of drugs. Despite the well-known consequences of drug addiction, millions of people constantly consume different legal and illegal drugs. Affecting peoples mind and changing their behavior, drugs become one of the most threatening factors of social risk, resulting in increasing rates of mortality, aggressive and criminal behavior, and dissolution of social ties. This paper is devoted toRead MoreAlcohol Consumption By Underage Drinkers1645 Words   |  7 Pages and influence from family and peers can make alcohol seem attractive, relaxing, and fun when in reality the negative consequences that entail are much deeper than what’s displayed on the surface. This paper will discuss in depth the issue of alcohol and the impact it has on adolescents. Alcohol consumption by underage drinkers has and will continue to be a problem within our society. Adolescents view alcohol as a way of risk taking deviant behavior in order to rebel against parents and even society’s

Prostitution A Modern Form of Slavery - 694 Words

Prostitution: A Modern Form of Slavery A Study on Marina Lewycka’s â€Å"Business Philosophy† and Ric Esther Bienstock’s â€Å"Sex Slaves† By: Ali Tabatabaeinia GS32970 November 2012 Introduction Prostitution, in the vast majority of cases, represents the ownership of women and children by pimps, brothel owners, and sometimes even customers for the purpose of financial gain, sexual gratification, and/or power and domination. Article 4 of the Universal Declaration states clearly â€Å"No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.† Yet in our time slavery is thriving. An offering by Marina Lewycka titled â€Å"Business Philosophy† portrays a slimy peddler in†¦show more content†¦Interviews with traffickers, experts, police vice-squads and former sex slaves, along with undercover footage, provide a glimpse into the frightening reality and scope of the problem. Sex Slaves won numerous awards, including a 2007 Emmy Award for Outstanding Investigative Journalism, the Edward R. Murrow Award from the Overseas Press Club of America, a Gracie Award from American Women in Film and Television, a British Broadcast Award for Best Documentary and a Royal Television Society Award from the UK, among others. Beside all that, this paper will have a general look at Sex Trafficking from the point of view of International Law from some of those articles that were studied and published by various International Campaigns. Methodology/Approaches The textual analysis will be used for those text-based materials that are focused on in this paper. The text used is primarily â€Å"Business Philosophy† by Marina Lewycka and other related articles and stories from either the same writer or other writer in relation to the main concern of the paper. The parts with the movies will mainly focus on the documentary â€Å"Sex Slaves† by Ric Esther Bienstock will be analysed thorough a Formal Analysis Approach. A formal analysis of a film or films requires that the viewer breaks the film down into its component parts and discussesShow MoreRelatedProstitution Is A Modern Form Of Slavery1965 Words   |  8 PagesProstitution is a polarizing topic that brings with it many opinions as to how to handle the matter. It is consistently a topic of debate among legislators, many of which argue that with the legalization of prostitution comes with it many ramifications, one of which being an increase in the amount of trafficking.. Former ambassador to Slovenia Nancy Ely-Raphel said in a hearing before the Committee on International Relations House of Representatives regarding a 2002 trafficking report that â€Å"TraffickingRead MoreHuman Trafficking and Exploitation973 Words   |  4 PagesHuman sex trafficking is a form of slavery an d involuntary servitude which results in major human rights contraventions. Sex trafficking contains individuals profiting from the sexual extortion of others and has severe physical and psychological consequences for its victims.1 Prostitution is the exchange of sexual acts for human necessities such as money, food, shelter and often times, drugs. Prostitution is a form of sexual exploitation that can include street prostitution, massage parlors, brothelsRead MoreThe Sex Trade: Slavery and Prostitution Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pages Sex slavery is a type of prostitution in which the trafficker’s make an increased profit through the solicitation of slaves. Sex trade will continue if nothing is done to prevent it globally. Lastly, in order for sex slavery to be abolished, international governments will have to take action and support anti-sex trade. A future epidemic of women and children affected by sex trade will occur if nothing is done to prevent it. Sex slavery is the new profitable version of prostitution worldwideRead MoreModern Slavery792 Words   |  4 PagesLehman, David Lehman 1 English 2 Honors Gifted 14 May 2007 Mrs. K. Doyle Modern Slavery Our sixteenth president, Abraham Lincoln spoke the following words in the Emancipation Proclamation, which were meant to free all slaves in the United States from bondage in 1863. â€Å"That on the first day of January A.D. 1863, all persons held as slaves within any state or designated part of a state the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the UnitedRead MoreSex Trafficking A History That Trafficking1515 Words   |  7 Pagestrafficking a history that trafficking really started in England as early as 1875. Even though this article suggests that human trafficking started as early as 1875, we have learned in class from the Sugar changed the world: a story of magic, spice, slavery, freedom, and science that it goes way further back than that. This movement in 1875 only affected women at the time. This is where the term prostitute was initially coined. Before World War I, the act of trafficking white slaves saw its first lawRead MoreSlavery in History713 Words   |  3 PagesSlavery has been around for centuries, and still is present today with the development of custom definition. Slavery does not only affect the caucasian and the African americans. When you think of slavery, what do you think of? Who is affected? Slavery is so important because it was a geological and world-wide act. This act of slavery affected many peopl e for the good and the bad. The economy and plantation owners were affected in the act of slavery. You should be informed that, how slavery affectedRead MoreReasons Human Trafficking Should Be Ended1147 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Slavery occurs when one person controls another person, using violence or the threat of violence to maintain that control, exploits them economically, pays them nothing and they cannot walk away.† In 1865, slavery was abolished here in the United States. It states in the thirteenth amendment that, â€Å"neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdictionRead MoreProstitution And Its Effect On Society Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagesopportunity for the corrupt to create victims. Prostitution has been practiced in all ancient and modern cultures. In the United States, prostitution was originally w idely legal. Prostitution was made illegal in almost all states between 1910 and 1915 due to the influence of the Woman s Christian Temperance Union which was influential in the banning of drug use and was a major force in the prohibition of alcohol. In 1917 the legally defined prostitution district Storyville in New Orleans was closedRead MoreReasons Human Trafficking Should End1144 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Slavery occurs when one person controls another person, using violence or the threat of violence to maintain that control, exploits them economically, pays them nothing and they cannot walk away.† In 1865, slavery was abolished here in the United States. It states in the thirteenth amendment that, â€Å"neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdictionRead MoreEssay on Human Trafficking vs. Prostitution: Is Ther e a Difference?1627 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s modern society, prostitution is defined as the act or practice of engaging in promiscuous sexual relations, especially for money. Trafficking can be defined in terms of dealing or trading in something illegal (Merriam-Webster). In many cultures, prostitution is indeed illegal. So, is there a difference? Are there variances that set prostitution and human trafficking apart, or are they just different forms of the same industry? In order to answer this question, it is important to first

Hyperlipidemia and Specifically Hypercholesterolemia

Question: Describe about the Hyperlipidemia and Specifically Hypercholesterolemia? Answer: AhR In the case of hyperlipidemia and specifically hypercholesterolemia it has been associated to some the specific receptor or ligands and AhR is referred as Aryl hydrocarbon receptor that acts as a ligand to cause hyperlipidemia (Wu et al., 2011) ApoE-/- Apolipoprotein E is the lipoprotein that is produced by liver and macrophages and is a key player in cholesterol metabolism by mediating in catabolism of triglyceride lipoproteins. In the present study ApoE-/- knock-out mice has been selected lacking ApoE protein and it has validated that AhR induces atherosclerosis by vascular inflammation in used murine model (Boring et al., 1998) CH223191 In the study CH223191 is an AhR antagonist and has been administered 24 h before TCDD and is known to overcome the toxic effect of TCDD in liver in vivo. CH223191 treated mice and TCDD mice were compared and found that CH223191 reduces cholesterol accumulation and formation of atherosclerosis lesion formation. CSE It indicates for cigarette smoke extract and is an AhR activator. In present study it increases the expression of MCP-1, IL-8,CXCL-5 and MMP-12 in U937 monocyte cells. It is also known to induce expression VEGF and stimulates cholesterol accumulation (Erin et al., 2015). CXCR2 It is a GPCR (G-protein coupe receptor) that mediates in the chemotaxis and is known to play a key role in immune response including atherosclerosis by mediating in macrophage accumulation in lesion formation stage.CXCR2 is express in macrophage, monocytes and neutrophils and binds to several chemokine like IL-8 (CXCL8), Gro- (CXCL1). Activation of this receptor promotes angiogenesis enhances the monocyte-endothelial adhesion by enhancing VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) expression (Erin et al, 2015). CYP1A1 It is known as cytochrome P450 1A1 and as referred as aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. When TCDD binds to AhR and migrates to nucleus its forms the heterodimer with the help of Aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator. CYP1A1 possess a DNA binding region known as Doxin response elements (DREs) and leads to changes in gene expression and signals for toxic and biochemical responses (Chang et al., 2012) IL-8 It acts as a contributing factor for artherosclerosis as it palys a vital role in the pathogensis of vascular disease. IL-8 is affiliated to macrophages and in artheroclerotic tissue it leads to the induction of foam cells with oxidised LDL. In the present study it has shown that TDCC induces the expression of IL-8 and induces neutrophil against macrophage mediated inflammation in artherosclerosis. INCB3344 It is a CCR2 inhibitor and is an antagonist of CCR2 receptor and it induces the signal for kinase phosphorylation and chemotaxis by inhibiting CCL2 mediated functional responses.in the present study it has been shown that INCB3344 does not decrease the accumulation of alcohol. MCP-1 Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) is chemokine that is known to mediate the chemotaxis of monocytes. CCR-2 acts as a receptor for MCP-1 and in present study it has been shown that TCDD increase the expression of MCP-1 that decrease the expression of inflammatory genes. MMP-12 It is an indicator of activated macrophages and foam cells and is a marker for foam cells. In the present study it has been shown that MMP-12 is involved in the progression of artherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. MNF It is an AhR anatagonist and in the present study it has shown that specific TCDD gene supress the expression of MNF hence it is not able to inhibit the expression of artherosclerotic lesion. SB225002 It is a selective CXCR2 antagonist and prevents IL-8 dependent chemotaxis. In the present study it was found that SB225002 blocks CSE and TCDD induced cholesterol accumulation that reduces the formation of aortic plaque. TCDD 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) activates the AhR induced inflammatory signals that leads to the formation of foam cells. In the present study the exact mechanism involved in artheroclerotic lesion formation was elucidated and was found that there was TCDD dependent progression of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice. U937 In the present study U937 was monocytic cell line which was used to assess the cell differentiation, small transient RNA transfection and it work as an in vitro model for cholesterol accumulation. VEGF It is a vascular endothelial growth factor which acts as a down-stream target for CCXCR2 as it is expressed after activation of chemokine that induces monocyte epithelial adhesion molecule and increase the expression of VEGF as signal for artherogenesis. Why was the above data set included in the paper? What does it demonstrate? What is scramble? The present result is expression of IL-8 and Ahr mRNA in U-937 cell after gene silencing. Total RNA was designed after post transfection (48 h) with either a scrambled siRNA or a specific siRNA targeted. Here scrambled RNA refers to the negative control. The result indicates that AhR induces vascular inflammation and stimulates IL-8 for the progression of artherosclerotic lesion Bay 11-7082 It is known to prevent nuclear factor (NF- ) by activating I phosphorylation and inhibits ERK. In the present study it was demonstrated that TCDD stimulation for IL-1 depends upon the NF- . CCR2 It is a receptor for MCP-1 and mediates in monocyte chemotaxis and it contributes in the development of atherosclerosis plaques by AhR activation. CXCR3 It is a receptor known to be present on synovial cells. In the present study it was used to semonstrate the level of AhR in synovial cells. ERK It is an extracellular receptor kinase and it is known to be involeved in AhR-TCDD mediated IL-1 expression. IL-6 In the present study TCDD stimulates the expression of IL-6 by binding to AhR and transmitted by NF- and ERK signalling pathways. IL-8 It is a cytokine produced by epithelial cells and macrophages. In the present study it was demonstrated that TCDD up-regulates the expression IL-8 in synocyte cells. Infliximab It is an anti TNF- antibody and it abolishes the TNF induced AhR expression. MMP3 In the present study the expression MMP3 protein is upregulated following TCDD induced AhR activation. NF It is nuclear factor that control the transcription of DNA. In the present study it was concluded that TCDD stimulates IL-1 is mediated by NF and RRK signalling cascade. -NP it is an nuclear protein that is vital in cell cycle progression. TNF- It is a tumor necrotic factor which is majorly involve in inflammation and with involvement of several cytokine it forms acute phase reaction. In the present study it was reported that AhR expression in synovial cell increases TNF- expression (Evans et al,.2014). U0126 It is an ERK pathway inhibitor and it decreases TCDD induced IL-1 expression in the sudy. Correct description of data Effect of GNF351 is in dose dependent manner as it down-regulates the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2. I found TNF- as most challenging as it is the key player in regulating the inflammation not only in artherosclerosis but it is also involved in pollutant or metal induced oxidative stress and been major contributes factor in various type of cancers. References Boring, L., Gosling, J., Cleary, M., Charo, I. F. (1998). Decreased lesion formation in CCR2-/- mice reveals a role for chemokines in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Nature.394:894897. Chang, Y., Z., Lin, H. C., Chan, S. T., Yeh, S. L. (2012). Effects of quercetin metabolites on the enhancing effect of -carotene on DNA damage and cytochrome P1A1/2 expression in benzo[a]pyrene-exposed A549 cells. Food Chemistry. 133(2):445-450 Erin, N., Nizam, E., Tanrover, G., Koksoy, S. (2015). Autocrine control of MIP-2 secretion from metastatic breast cancer cells is mediated by CXCR2: a mechanism for possible resistance to CXCR2 antagonists. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. (In press) Evans, H. G., Roostalu, U., Walter, G. J., Gullick, N. J., Frederiksen, K. S., Roberts, C. A., Sumner, J., Baeten, D. L., Gerwien, J. G., Cope, A. P., Geissmann, F., Kirkham, B. W., Taams, L. S. (2014). TNF- blockade induces IL-10 expression in human CD4+ T cells. Nature Communication. 5:3199 Kobayashi, S., Okamoto, H., Iwamoto, T., Toyama, Y., Tomatsu, T., Yamanaka, H., Momohara, S. (2008). A role for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the dioxin TCDD in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology . 47(9):1317-22 Lahoti, T. S., Hughes, J. M., Kusnadi, A., John, K., Zhu, B., Murray, I. A., Gowda, K., Peters, J. M., Amin, S. G., Perdew, G. H. (2014). Aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonism attenuates growth factor expression, proliferation, and migration in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Pharmacology Experiment and Therapy. 348(2):236-245 Wu, D., Nishimura, N., Kuo, V., Fiehn, O., Shahbaz, S., Van Winkle, L., Matsumura, F., Vogel, C. F. (2011). Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor induces vascular inflammation and promotes atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-/- mice. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vascular Biology. 31(6):1260-1267